Predel 2012.

Methods	R, DB, PC, parallel groups Treatment for 7 days Assessed at baseline, 1, 3, 5 and 8 days
Participants	Grade I or II ankle sprain with lateral external ligament involvement, < 12 hours PI on movement ≥ 50/100 N = 242 M 152, F 90 Mean age 32 years Mean baseline pain on movement = 75/100
Interventions	Diclofenac gel (Voltaren Emulgel 2.32%), 2 x 5 cm + 1 x 5 cm placebo gel daily, n = 80 Diclofenac gel (Voltaren Emulgel 2.32%), 3 x 5 cm daily, n = 80 Placebo gel, 3 x 5 cm daily, n = 82 Rescue medication: paracetamol (to maximum 2 g daily) No ice or bandages after randomisation
Outcomes	≥ 50% reduction in PI on movement at 5 days PGE: 5‐point scale (responder = "good" or 'very good") Patient satisfaction: 5‐point scale (responder = "good" or 'very good" or "excellent") Rescue medication Adverse events Withdrawals
Notes	Oxford Quality Score: R1, DB2, W1. Total = 4/5
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	"identical in composition, appearance, texture and smell"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	LOCF, but withdrawals < 3% in all treatment arms
Size	Unclear risk	50 to 200 participants per treatment arm