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. 2015 Jun 15;2015(6):CD007402. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007402.pub3

Tonutti 1994.

Methods R, DB, AC, parallel groups
Gel applied 3 times daily for 2 to 3 weeks
Assessed at baseline, and intervals of 7 days
Participants Muscle or joint trauma
N = 30
M 20, F 10
Mean age 34 years
1 participant had injury of mild severity. Mean baseline pain on active movement 2.8 (scale 0 to 4)
Interventions Ketoprofen gel 5%, 3 x 2 to 3 g daily, n = 15
Etofenamate gel 5%, 3 x 2 to 3 g, n = 15
No concomitant treatment with NSAID, aspirin, steroid or physical therapy
Outcomes PGE: 4‐point scale (responder = "good" and "excellent")
Pain on movement: 5‐point scale (mean data)
Adverse events
Withdrawals
Notes Oxford Quality Score: R1, DB2, W1. Total = 4/5
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Not reported
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk "the two drugs were packed in indistinguishable tubes"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk All participants included in analysis
Size High risk < 50 participants per treatment arm