Fig. 5.

Data analysis of SVHR behavior at gate 20 (3.3 μm gap distance) with different V_app. The concentration of SVHR is 1.5 × 10¹¹ pfu mL⁻¹. (A) Real-time monitoring of integrated fluorescence intensity (FI) increase versus time with V_app from 100 V to 600 V. (B) The integrated FI of the capturing zone with V_app being on for the duration of 15 s, replot from the data at 20 s time point in A (indicated by the dashed line in A) at each V_app. Error bars are based on the ten data points for ± 0.5 s. (C) By repeating the experiments with independent preparation of SVHR samples and each in a separated device, lower applied voltages between 0 V and 100 V were tested for more comprehensive understanding of the change of FI versus V_app. The virus behavior shows in a stage-wise way with little or no capture at low voltages (stage I), rapid increase with increased V_app (stage II) and leveling off during plateau (stage III). Error bars are the standard deviation (n = 3).