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Quantification of chemotactic performance of E. coli cultivated under liquid, swarming agar, and hard agar conditions. Response to aspartate was measured using capillary assays as described in Materials and Methods. (A) Cells assayed immediately after harvesting. (B) Cells allowed an extra 45-min incubation after collection. Cell numbers are derived from three biological replicates, each checked in triplicate. Error bars represent standard deviations from the means.
