Table 3.

Between group comparisons for gait speed and the iTMT derived parameters.

	Older Adults		Young (n = 17)	Non-robust vs. Robust			Robust vs. Young			Non-robust vs. Young
	Robust (n = 24)	Non-robust (n = 37)		p-value	d	95% CI	p-value	d	95% CI	p-value	d	95% CI
Gait Speed, m/s	1.06±0.19	0.94±0.24	1.19±0.18	0.032	0.56	0.01–0.24	0.050	0.71	0.01–0.27	<0.001	1.21	0.13–0.38
iTMT Velocity, unit/s	6.31±0.98	5.67±1.09	7.30±1.13	0.025	0.62	0.08–1.20	0.005	0.94	0.32–1.66	<0.001	1.47	1.01–2.25
iTMT Power, unit2/s3	90.56±26.73	73.70±28.47	113.81±39.94	0.040	0.61	0.78–32.94	0.020	0.68	3.81–42.70	<0.001	1.16	22.14–58.09
iTMT Exhaustion, %	8.23±15.19	9.41±10.58	4.60±6.68	0.698	0.09	−7.23–4.86	0.325	0.31	−10.94–3.68	0.160	0.54	−11.57–1.94
iTMT Variability, %	20.92±4.94	23.05±7.84	17.15±6.99	0.241	0.33	−5.73–1.46	0.088	0.62	−8.12–0.58	0.005	0.79	1.88–9.92

The Older Adults Non-robust group included pre-frail and frail subjects

iTMT: instrumented trail-making task

Significant difference between groups were indicated in bold

Effect sizes were calculated as Cohen’s d