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. 2019 Apr;64(4 Suppl):S52–S59. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.018

Table 1.

Items included in norm scale calculations for education, marriage, and nutrition

Favorable education descriptive norm Favorable education injunctive norm Favorable marriage descriptive norm Favorable marriage injunctive norm Favorable nutrition descriptive norm Favorable nutrition injunctive norm
Most adolescent girls:
  • are absent from school to do household chores

  • who go to school engage in premarital sex

  • are less attentive in their education than boys

  • drop out of school once they get married

  • negotiate financial support for their school needs

  • earn income and provide for the family, instead of going to school

  • earn an income to cover their school needs

Most people expect girls in the community:
  • to have the same opportunity in education as boys

  • to do household chores instead of going to school

  • Parents think adolescent girls who go to school engage in premarital sex

  • Parents think adolescent girls are less attentive in their education than boys

  • Others/in-laws expect girls to stop attending school once they are married

  • Parents expect adolescent girls to earn an income and provide for the family instead of going to school

Most adolescent girls:
  • marry before the age of 18 y

  • marry after they turned 18 y

  • have a say whether or not marry

  • choose who they would marry

  • chose when they would marry

  • have the final decision over their decision to marry

  • are abducted for marriage

  • are most likely to talk to their parents before making decision to marry

Parents expect adolescent girls:
  • to get married before the age of 18 y

  • to only marry after they turned 18 y

  • to have a say whether they want to marry or not

  • to choose when to marry

  • to choose who to marry

  • to make the final decision regarding their marriage

  • to be abducted if they do not accept a proposal from a suitor

  • to talk to them before making the decision to marry

Most adolescent girls in the community:
  • eat the same amount of food as their male siblings or husbands

  • eat after adolescent boys eat

  • eat after everybody in the family eats

  • eat the same quality of food as their male siblings

  • usually eat together with their husbands

  • eat the same type of food/quality of food as their husbands'

  • eat as frequently as boys of the same age

  • often eat less amount of food than everybody in the family during times of food shortage or drought

  • usually eat before their male siblings or husbands

  • usually eat before everybody in the family eats

  • usually eat after everybody in the family eats

  • Most pregnant women usually eat before everybody in the family

Community members expect adolescent girls:
  • to eat the same amount of food as their male siblings or husbands

  • to eat at the same time as their brothers

  • to have the same quality of food as everybody in the family

  • to eat at the same time with their husbands

  • to eat the same type of food as their husband

  • to eat as frequently as adolescent boys

  • to consume less amount of food than everybody in the family during times of food shortage or drought

  • to eat before everybody in the family during pregnancy

  • to eat before everybody in the family eats

  • to eat after everybody in the family eats

Score range 0–28 Score range 0–28 Score range 0–32 Score range 0–32 Score range 0–48 Score range 0–40
Guttman's Lambda-2 score = .62 Guttman's Lambda-2 score = .77 Guttman's Lambda-2 score = .76 Guttman's Lambda-2 score = .82 Guttman's Lambda-2 score = .74 Guttman's Lambda-2 score = .79