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. 2019 Mar 14;10:202. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00202

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Copyright © 2019 Yu, Lin, Xiong, Li, Yao, Dong, Jiang, Yu, Yeung and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Identification of salivary exosomes in periodontitis patients and normal subjects. (A) Transmission electron microscopy of exosomes isolated from human saliva. Scale bar: 100 nm. (B) Exosomes concentration and size distribution by NanoSight analysis of human saliva. (C) Immunoblotting showed the exosomal membrane markers (ALIX, TSG101 CD63, CD9 and CD81), the intracellular protein Calnexin, the marker of autophagosome LC3 and markers of inflammasome (NLRP3 and NLRP4) in exosomes isolated from the saliva of one normal subject (case 01) and one periodontitis patient (case 02). Positive control for Calnexin was TE1 cells, and positive control for LC3 was TE1 cells after starvation for 6 h. Positive control for NLRP3 and NLRP4 was THP-1 cells.