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. 2019 Mar 20;9:4947. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41364-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Field layout of different planting patterns of relay-intercropped maize soybean: SI (traditional single row relay-intercropping system of maize and soybean, one row of soybean relay-intercropped with one row of maize, the row to row distance between maize and soybean rows was 50 cm), SII (modern double row relay-intercropping system of maize and soybean, two rows of soybean relay-intercropped with two rows of maize, maize row to row distance was 40 cm, soybean row to row distance was 40 cm, distance between the maize and soybean rows was 60 cm), SM (sole maize, row to row distance was 70 cm), and SS (sole soybean, row to row distance was 50 cm).