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. 2019 Mar 7;21(3):e11123. doi: 10.2196/11123

Table 2.

Change in physiotherapists’ confidence and knowledge of self-determination theory-based communication strategies.

SDTa-based communication strategies Confidenceb Knowledgec
Median pretraining score (interquartile range), min-max Median posttraining score (interquartile range), min-max Z score P value Median pretraining scores (% of physiotherapists) Median posttraining score (% of physiotherapists) P value
Total 4.5 (1.0), 2.7-5.4 5.0 (0.8), 3.6-5.9 –2.08 .037 8.0 (2.0), 5.0-9.0d 7.5 (2.0), 6.0-9.0d .70
Offer a meaningful rationale 5.0 (2.0), 3.0-7.0 7.0 (1.0), 0.0-7.0 –1.80 .07 11.0 (84.6) 8.0 (61.5) .38
Provide opportunities for patient input and choice 4.0 (3.0), 2.0-7.0 6.0 (1.0), 4.0-7.0 –2.59 .009 6.0 (46.2) 10.0 (76.9) .22
Use support and encouragement rather than pressurising behaviours 4.0 (2.0), 2.0-6.0 6.0 (2.0), 4.0-7.0 –2.45 .01 3.0 (23.1) 7.0 (53.8) .29
Set clear expectations and provide directione 5.00 (2.0), 3.0-6.0 6.00 (2.0), 5.0-7.0 –2.85 .004f Not assessed Not assessed Not assessed
Collaborative goal setting and action planningg 5.0 (3.0), 2.0-7.0 6.0 (1.0), 5.0-7.0 –2.54 .01 12.0 (92.3) 12.0 (92.3) 1.00
Collaborative problem solving N/Ah N/A N/A N/A 4.0 (30.8) 8.0 (61.5) 0.13
Provide positive information rich feedback 6.0 (1.0), 4.0-7.0 7.0 (1.0), 4.0-7.0 –1.84 .07 2.0 (15.4) 2.0 (15.4) 1.00
Provide opportunities to practice behaviors 6.0 (2.0), 2.0-6.0 6.0 (1.0), 4.0-7.0 –2.04 .04 3.0 (23.1) 1.0 (7.7) .63
Acknowledge patients’ feelings and perspectives 6.0 (2.0), 2.0-7.0 7.0 (1.0), 4.0-7.0 –2.09 .04 6.0 (46.2) 9.0 (69.2) .38
Building relationships 6.0 (1.0), 4.0-7.0 7.0 (1.0), 6.0-7.0 –1.61 .11 12.0 (92.3) 12.0 (92.3) 1.00

aSDT: self-determination theory.

bScale range: 1 (not at all good) to 7 (very good).

cPercentage of physiotherapists is calculated on the basis of the presence/absence of each SDT strategy in the narrative response.

dValues are presented as median (interquartile range), min-max

e“Setting clear expectations” was not included in the narrative component of the assessment, as it was not expected to be delivered within the context of the case study.

fSignificant after Bonferroni adjustment for multiplicity.

gProblem solving was considered under the heading of goal setting within the confidence scale.

hN/A: not applicable.