Table 3.
Association between onset of malocclusion and other parameters among Okayama University students, Japan, 2013–2016.
| Parameter | Normal Occlusion n = 110 | Malocclusion n = 128 | P Value 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 56 (50.9) | 70 (54.7) | 0.560 |
| Awareness of bruxism at baseline | |||
| Grinding during daytime | |||
| Yes | 2 (1.8) | 4 (3.1) | 0.689 |
| Clenching during daytime | |||
| Yes | 4 (3.6) | 13 (10.2) | 0.052 |
| Sleep bruxism | |||
| Yes | 10 (9.1) | 7 (5.5) | 0.279 |
| Oral habits at baseline | |||
| Gum chewing | |||
| Yes | 12 (10.9) | 10 (7.8) | 0.411 |
| Biting fingernail/pens/pencils | |||
| Yes | 10 (9.1) | 11 (8.6) | 0.893 |
| Biting mucosa of cheeks/lips | |||
| Yes | 22 (20.0) | 26 (20.3) | 0.952 |
| Early loss of primary teeth | |||
| Yes | 9 (8.2) | 4 (3.1) | 0.087 |
| Presence of malocclusion in parents | |||
| Yes | 5 (4.5) | 14 (10.9) | 0.070 |
| BMI at baseline (kg/m2) | |||
| Normal range (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) | 91 (82.7) | 89 (69.5) | 0.043 |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 12 (10.9) | 29 (22.7) | |
| Overweight (≥25) | 7 (6.4) | 10 (7.8) |
BMI, body mass index. 1 Two-sided P values were based on the chi-square tests.