Table 5.
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the onset of malocclusion or crowding among Okayama University students, Japan, 2013–2016.
| Variables | Malocclusion | Crowding | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | P Value 1 | OR | 95%CI | P Value 1 | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| Male | 1.34 | 0.79–2.29 | 0.279 | 1.45 | 0.82–2.55 | 0.183 |
| Clenching during daytime | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| Yes | 3.00 | 0.91–9.88 | 0.070 | 3.63 | 1.08–12.17 | 0.037 |
| BMI at baseline (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Normal range (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 2.34 | 1.11–4.92 | 0.025 | 2.52 | 1.25–5.76 | 0.011 |
| Overweight (≥25) | 1.41 | 0.51–3.91 | 0.505 | 1.67 | 0.57–4.58 | 0.373 |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; BMI, body mass index. 1 Multiple logistic regression model adjusted for sex, BMI and clenching during daytime.