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. 2019 Mar 4;19(5):1100. doi: 10.3390/s19051100

Table 1.

Examples of detection signal amplification by coupling biosensor with nanoparticles.

Detection Method NP Target Receptor Matrix LOD Reference
SEPR 1 Au DNA DNA probe [190]
QCM 2 Au E. coli O157:H7 DNA probe 2.0 × 103 cfu/mL [191]
Optical sensor Fe3O4 L. monocytogenes aptamer milk 5.4 × 103 cfu/mL [192]
Voltammetry Fe3O4 DNA DNA probe 0.7 fmol [193]
EIS 3/microfluidic Ag E. coli Eggshell/
Tap water		 500 cfu/mL [194]
RF 4 sensor Au E. coli Milk 105 cfu/mL [195]
DNA microarray MNP 5 E. coli DNA probe [92]
O157:H7, Chicken meat 200 cfu/g
S. enterica,
V. cholerae
C. jejuni
S. enterica
SPRI 6 Au S. aureus
L. monocytogenes 		DNA probe 1 fM–1 attaM [196]
SERS 7 Au E faecium DNA probe Reference and
Clinical samples		 10 pM [197]
S. aureus
S. maltophilia
V. vuiniculus

1 SEPR, surface-enhanced plasmon resonance; 2 QCM, piezoelectric biosensor; 3 EIS, electrochemical impedance; 4 RF, radio frequency; 5 MNP, magnetic nanoparticles; 6 SPRI, surface plasmon resonance imaging; 7 SERS, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.