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. 2019 Feb 28;19(5):1028. doi: 10.3390/s19051028

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Schematic illustrations of on-demand transdermal drug delivery using near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive microneedles (MNs), composed of polycaprolactone and NIR absorbers as well as silica-coated lanthanum hexaboride (LaB₆-SiO₂) nanostructures. (b) Temperature changes of R6G-loaded microneedles after continuous exposure to 808 nm NIR laser light at an output power of 7 W cm⁻². (c–h) Infrared thermal images of microneedles after continuous irradiation for 10, 30, 90, 120, 240, and 300 s. The insets in (b) show the light-triggered melting behavior of microneedles [37].