Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of 63 patients with pneumonia and 27 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) during the study period.
| Characteristic | Pneumonia (n = 63) (n, %) | CHF (n = 27) (n, %) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) ± SD a | 77 ± 12 | 66 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| Male b | 44 (69.8) | 13 (48.1) | 0.050 |
| BMI (kg/m2) ± SD a | 22 ± 5 | 24 ± 3 | <0.05 |
| Current smoker b | 0.446 | ||
| Yes | 11 (17.5) | 3 (11.1) | |
| No | 52 (82.5) | 24 (88.9) | |
| Current alcohol consumer b | 1.000 | ||
| Yes | 7 (11.1) | 3 (11.1) | |
| No | 56 (88.9) | 24 (88.9) | |
| Respiratory comorbidities | 11 (17.5) | 3 (11.1) | 0.758 |
| COPD b | 9 (14.3) | 3 (11.1) | 0.685 |
| Asthma c | 2 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Air pollution a | |||
| PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 26.3 ± 2.7 | 26.3 ± 1.4 | 0.924 |
| NO2 (ppb) | 20.7 ± 2.8 | 19.7 ± 3.3 | 0.168 |
| SO2 (ppb) | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 7.1 ± 0.7 | 0.455 |
| O3 (ppb) | 25.6 ± 2.4 | 26.5 ± 2.5 | 0.104 |
a Student’s t-test. b Chi-squared test. c Fisher’s exact test. BMI = body mass index; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD = standard deviation; PM2.5 = particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 µm.