Table 4.
Associations of air pollution with normalized levels of metals in the pleural effusion of subjects.
| Variable | PM2.5 (μg/m3) | NO2 (ppb) | SO2 (ppb) | O3 (ppb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Log10 Al | −0.085 (−0.084, 0.044) | −0.419 (−0.104, 0.032) | −0.043 (−0.180, 0.120) | −0.290 (−0.242, 0.114) |
| Log10 Cr | −0.585 (−0.156, 0.047) | −0.371 (−0.083, 0.065) | 0.207 (−0.151, 0.252) | −0.251 (−0.205, 0.173) |
| Log10 Fe | −0.199 (−0.098, 0.017) | −0.724 (−0.112, 0.012) | −0.156 (−0.235, 0.055) | −0.482 (−0.253, 0.078) |
| Log10 Cu | 0.045 (−0.025, 0.033) | 0.584 (−0.010, 0.045) | −0.015 (−0.066, 0.059) | 0.701 (−0.018, 0.129) |
| Log10 Zn | −0.143 (−0.047, 0.016) | 0.255 (−0.025, 0.044) | −0.275 (−0.164, −0.006) * | 0.493 (−0.044, 0.138) |
| Log10 As | −0.178 (−0.094, 0.027) | 0.775 (−0.020, 0.099) | 0.184 (−0.052, 0.217) | 0.893 (−0.038, 0.274) |
| Log10 Mo | −0.269 (−0.127, 0.018) | −1.590 (−0.138, −0.020) * | −0.263 (−0.236, 0.023) | −1.599 (−0.372, −0.053) * |
| Log10 Sn | −0.655 (−0.182, 0.075) | −0.994 (−0.186, 0.125) | 0.073 (−0.285, 0.326) | −0.154 (−0.324, 0.300) |
| Log10 Pb | 0.173 (−0.140, 0.194) | −0.505 (−0.129, 0.096) | 0.140 (−0.269, 0.277) | −0.419 (−0.376, 0.260) |
Note: Values are beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, and disease category (pneumonia or CHF) in the models. * p < 0.05. PM2.5 = particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 µm.