Table 5.
Associations between indicators of structural racism and fast food / grocery store ratio by racial composition in U.S. county-years, 2012–2016.
| ≤9% Black | >9% Black | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| β (S.E.) | β (S.E.) | β (S.E.) | |
| Income inequality | |||
| None | --- | --- | --- |
| Low | 0.20 (0.07) * | 0.17 (0.07) * | 0.05 (0.28) |
| Medium | 0.32 (0.08) * | 0.28 (0.08) * | 0.22 (0.32) |
| Medium high | 0.30 (0.07) * | 0.25 (0.08) * | 0.25 (0.31) |
| High | 0.21 (0.08) * | 0.20 (0.09) * | 0.16 (0.32) |
| Poverty inequality | |||
| None | --- | --- | --- |
| Low | 0.12 (0.07) | 0.07 (0.07) | 0.36 (0.26) |
| Medium | 0.16 (0.07) * | 0.13 (0.08) | 0.30 (0.27) |
| Medium high | 0.11 (0.08) | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.29 (0.28) |
| High | 0.01 (0.09) | 0.03 (0.10) | −0.02 (0.29) |
| College graduation inequality | |||
| None | --- | --- | --- |
| Low | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.04 (0.06) | −0.29 (0.22) |
| Medium | 0.09 (0.07) | 0.16 (0.08) * | −0.53 (0.23) * |
| Medium high | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.10 (0.08) | −0.55 (0.24) * |
| High | −0.15 (0.07) | −0.10 (0.08) | −1.26 (0.31) * |
| Unemployment inequality | |||
| None | --- | --- | --- |
| Low | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.05 (0.17) |
| Medium | 0.09 (0.07) | 0.06 (0.08) | 0.05 (0.18) |
| Medium high | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.08 (0.08) | −0.04 (0.21) |
| High | −0.07 (0.07) | −0.03 (0.08) | −0.19 (0.21) |
| Homeownership inequality | |||
| None | --- | --- | --- |
| Low | −0.19 (0.06) * | −0.13 (0.08) | 0.05 (0.46) |
| Medium | −0.24 (0.06) * | −0.20 (0.09) * | 0.05 (0.46) |
| Medium high | −0.22 (0.06) * | −0.20 (0.07) * | 0.05 (0.47) |
| High | 0.07 (0.06) | −0.20 (0.07) * | −0.16 (0.47) |
| >9% Black | −0.03 (0.09) | --- | --- |
Notes: * p < 0.05. S.E. = standard error. Analyses adjusted for racial composition; overall county median income; poverty, college graduation, unemployment, and homeownership rates; urbanization; and area.