Table 5.
Acid-Base Resistant Zone (ABRZ).
| Author, Year | Groups | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Na li et al., 2010 [10] | C*: 10-MDP in primer and bond (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray) T1*: 10-MDP (primer) and Phenyl-P (bond) T2*: Phenyl-P (primer) and 10-MDP (bond) T3: Phenyl-P in primer and bond |
Enamel ABRZ thickness (µm): C*: 0.5; T1*: <0.2; T2*: 1; T3: <0.1. T1* ABRZ morphology similar to C* but sparser distribution of crystals; T2* crystals with ↑ length, but similar width (ABRZ), with clear intercrystallite spaces. T3 had low capacity to create an ABRZ and presence of funnel-shaped erosions; Adhesive interface produced by 10-MDP containing adhesive systems remained after acid-base challenge. |
| Nikaido et al., 2011 [2] | T1*: 10-MDP T2: 3D-SR T3: 4-META (similar compositions, different functional monomers, all universal adhesives) |
Dentin ABRZ thickness: T1* > T2 > T3; Enamel ABRZ is very thin, compared to dentin ABRZ; Enamel ABRZ thickness < 0.5 µm in all groups but for T1* it appeared to be thicker. Dentin ABRZ formed under the hybrid layer, while enamel ABRZ was created along the interface between adhesive and enamel; ABRZ was confirmed at both enamel and dentin; it was influenced by the functional monomer contained in the adhesive system; Funnel-shaped erosion found at bonding interface between enamel and outer lesion in T3. |
| Nurrohman et al., 2012 [24] | C: Scothbond multi-purpose (3M ESPE) T2*: Clearfil photo bond (Kuraray) T3*: Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) T4: Adper Easy Bond (3M ESPE) |
C: 4 µm HL and some regions with absence of a crystalline phase; deep funnel-shaped lesion into intact dentin; similar lesion in T2*; T2*: 5 µm HL and regions with low density and partially dissolved apatite crystals; T3*: 1 µm HL and denser overall crystallite arrangement in the base of the HL; approximately 0.5 µm thick ABRZ with densely arranged crystals and no funnel-shaped lesions in all specimens of this group; T4: partially demineralize HL, approximately 0.5 µm; funnel-shaped lesions along the apatite-rich zone. |
| Matsui et al., 2015 [23] | C*: Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) T1*: Experimental adhesive (10-MDP in primer) |
Dentin ABRZ formed beneath the HL in both groups; Funnel-shaped erosion observed at the junction of dentin and bonding layer in T1*; Excluding 10-MDP from the bonding resin resulted in ↓ resistance against acid attack at ABRZ. |
| Nikaido et al., 2015 [26] | T1*: Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) T2*: Clearfil Bond SE One (Kuraray) T3: G-Bond Plus (GC) |
T3 ABRZ was the thinnest (p < 0.05), and had the highest NL (p < 0.05); Funnel-shaped lesion not observed for T1*. |
| Guan et al., 2016 [25] | T1*: Clearfil SE Bond 2 (Kuraray) T2: Optibond XTR (KERR) T3*: Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE), applied as SE, ERM (Moist) and ERD (Dry) |
ABRZ at the front of demineralization for SE groups; Slope at bottom of outer lesion in T2; T3*SE: funnel-shaped lesion at bottom of outer lesion; T3*ERM and T3*ERD: 5 µm HL without appearance of ABRZ. |
ABRZ: acid-base resistant zone; C: control group; ER: etch-and-rinse; HL: hybrid layer; NL: nanoleakage; SE: self-etch; T: test group; *: 10-MDP containing adhesive system/experimental adhesive.