Table 2.
Prevalence of psychosocial job quality factors with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) by country of birth, for the Australian Worker, Migrant Worker I, and Migrant Worker II surveys.
| Australia | New Zealand | India | Philippines | Vietnam | China | Arabic-Speaking | All Migrants | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jobs that are complex | ||||||||
| % (95% CI) | 24.7 (21.2, 28.7) | 26.7 (22.2, 31.8) | 25.9 (21.3, 31.1) | 27.4 (22.9, 32.4) | 30.4 (21.8, 40.5) | 17.3 (11.3, 25.5) | 25.5 (17.0, 36.3) | 26.2 (23.8, 28.7) |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.1 (0.89, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.83, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.83, 1.4) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.2) | 0.81 (0.56, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.71, 1.4) | 0.38 (0.33, 0.43) |
| aOR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.1 (0.84, 1.4) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.78, 1.4) | 2.2 (1.6, 2.9) *** | 0.81 (0.59, 1.1) | 0.98 (0.72, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.87, 1.3) |
| Jobs with low control | ||||||||
| % (95% CI) | 27.6 (23.8, 31.8) | 29.2 (24.0, 35.0) | 26 (21.5, 31.2) | 27.8 (23.0, 33.2) | 12.7 (7.0, 22.1) | 39.5 (28.2, 52.1) | 23.9 (16.2, 33.7) | 27.2 (24.6, 29.9) |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.1 (0.88, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.84, 1.3) | 0.99 (0.77, 1.3) | 0.44 (0.29, 0.68) *** | 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) *** | 0.87 (0.61, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.76, 1.1) |
| aOR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.99 (0.77, 1.3) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) | 0.89 (0.67, 1.2) | 0.42 (0.29, 0.6) *** | 1.8 (1.3, 2.4) *** | 0.94 (0.69, 1.3) | 0.98 (0.81, 1.2) |
| Jobs with low security | ||||||||
| % (95% CI) | 34.1 (30.0, 38.5) | 32.1 (27.1, 37.6) | 32.4 (27.2, 37.9) | 31.8 (26.8, 37.3) | 34.2 (23.9, 46.2) | 41.5 (29.9, 54.1) | 30.8 (21.9, 41.4) | 32.8 (30.1, 35.7) |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) | 1.1 (0.79, 1.5) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) |
| aOR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.8) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.86, 1.3) |
| Unfair pay | ||||||||
| % (95% CI) | 37.0 (32.8, 41.5) | 35.2 (30.0, 40.7) | 34.8 (29.6, 40.4) | 34.0 (28.8, 39.6) | 43.4 (31.9, 55.6) | 53.7 (41.3, 65.7) | 41.0 (31.0, 51.8) | 36.0 (33.2, 38.9) |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.74 (0.6, 0.92) | 0.80 (0.65, 0.98) | 0.57 (0.44, 0.73) | 0.55 (0.39, 0.78) | 0.72 (0.52, 1) | 0.73 (0.52, 1) | 0.59 (0.52, 0.67) |
| aOR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.78 (0.62, 0.99) * | 0.95 (0.74, 1.2) | 0.60 (0.46, 0.8) *** | 0.60 (0.44, 0.81) ** | 0.79 (0.59, 1.1) | 0.77 (0.57, 1) | 0.76 (0.64, 0.91) |
| Overall job adversity | ||||||||
| Two or more measures of adversity | ||||||||
| % (95% CI) | 37.0 (32.8, 41.5) | 35.2 (30.0, 40.7) | 34.8 (29.6, 40.4) | 34.0 (28.8, 39.6) | 43.4 (31.9, 55.6) | 53.7 (41.3, 65.7) | 41.0 (31.0, 51.8) | 36.0 (33.2, 38.9) |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.2 (0.94, 1.4) | 1.2 (0.95, 1.4) | 0.97 (0.76, 1.2) | 0.84 (0.58, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.79, 1.5) | 0.83 (0.6, 1.2) | 0.56 (0.49, 0.63) |
| aOR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.1 (0.83, 1.3) | 1.2 (0.94, 1.5) | 0.89 (0.68, 1.2) | 0.74 (0.49, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.72, 1.5) | 0.81 (0.55, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.84, 1.2) |
Both the unadjusted and the adjusted odds ratios had the reference group of Australian-born workers. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) is adjusted for gender, age group, education level, whether or not the job was full-time or part-time, if employment tenure was casual, fixed term, permanent, or the person was self-employed, mean weekly hours worked, and occupation category. Only the adjusted OR was examined for statistically significant differences; * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.001, *** = p < 0.0001.