Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants who had one to three Antenatal care (ANC) visits in Ethiopia, 2000–2016.
| Characteristics | 2000 (n = 1308) | 2005 (n = 1164) | 2011 (n = 1856) | 2016 (n = 2341) | p Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) * | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Community level factors | ||||||
| Residence type | Urban | 201 (2.5) | 93 (1.2) | 352 (4.4) | 262 (3.4) | |
| Rural | 1106 (13.9) | 1071 (14.7) | 1504 (19.0) | 2079 (27.5) | p < 0.001 | |
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||||
| Maternal age | 15–24years | 370 (4.6) | 304 (4.2) | 553 (7.0) | 674 (8.9) | p < 0.001 |
| 25–34 | 603 (7.6) | 562 (7.7) | 878 (11.1) | 1159 (15.3) | ||
| 35–49 | 334 (4.2) | 297 (4.0) | 425 (5.3) | 507 (6.7) | ||
| Marital status | Currently | 1179 (14.8) | 1081 (14.8) | 1692 (21.4) | 2226 (29.4) | |
| Formerly | 128 (1.6) | 83 (1.1) | 165 (2.0) | 114 (1.5) | p < 0.001 | |
| Mother’s education | No education | 985 (12.4) | 825 (11.3) | 1135 (14.4) | 1412 (18.6) | |
| Primary | 233 (2.9) | 274 (3.7) | 626 (7.9) | 745 (9.8) | p < 0.001 | |
| Secondary and above | 90 (1.1) | 65 (0.8) | 95(1.2) | 183 (2.4) | p < 0.001 | |
| Household Wealth index | Poor | 453 (5.7) | 298 (4.0) | 493 (6.2) | 562 (7.4) | |
| Middle | 556 (7.0) | 636 (8.7) | 929 (11.7) | 1412 (18.6) | p < 0.001 | |
| Rich | 298 (3.7) | 229 (3.1) | 435 (5.5) | 366 (4.8) | p < 0.001 | |
| Mother’s employment | Not working | 535 (6.7) | 812 (11.7) | 1287 (16.3) | 1707 (22.5) | |
| Working | 769 (9.7) | 301 (4.3) | 569 (7.2) | 634 (8.3) | p < 0.001 | |
| Partner education | No education | 734 (9.4) | 560 (7.7) | 804 (10.3) | 1013 (14.3) | |
| Primary | 377 (4.8) | 414 (5.7) | 820 (10.5) | 906 (12.8) | p < 0.001 | |
| Secondary and above | 178 (2.2) | 173 (2.3) | 209 (2.6) | 299 (4.2) | p < 0.001 | |
| Partner occupation | Agricultural | 993 (12.5) | 955 (13.1) | 1372 (17.4) | 1417 (18.7) | |
| Non agricultural | 300 (3.7) | 196 (2.6) | 461 (5.8) | 664 (8.7) | p < 0.001 | |
| Not working | 14 (0.1) | 12 (0.1) | 23 (0.2) | 260 (3.4) | p < 0.001 | |
| Health knowledge factors | ||||||
| Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine | At least once a week | 6 (0.07) | 9(0.1) | 41 (0.5) | 42 (0.5) | |
| Less than once a week | 95 (1.2) | 71 (0.9) | 174 (2.2) | 92 (1.2) | p < 0.001 | |
| Never | 1206 (15.2) | 1080 (14.9) | 1642 (20.8) | 2207 (29) | p < 0.001 | |
| Need factors | ||||||
| Contraceptive use | Yes | 130 (1.6) | 214 (2.9) | 569 (7.2) | 861 (11.3) | |
| No | 1178 (14.8) | 949 (13.0) | 1287 (16.3) | 1480 (19.5) | p < 0.001 | |
| Intention to become pregnant | Immediately | 751 (9.4) | 693 (9.5) | 1263 (16.0) | 1757 (23.2) | |
| Later | 289 (3.6) | 257 (3.5) | 411 (5.2) | 428 (5.6) | p < 0.001 | |
| No more | 268 (3.3) | 211 (2.9) | 182 (2.3) | 155 (2.0) | p < 0.001 | |
n *: weighted counts; the weighted total number and percentages vary between categories because of missing values.