Table 1.
Comparison of characteristics between patients who received dexamethasone and those who did not
| Non-dexamethasone (N = 2392) |
Dexamethasone (N = 236) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Age (years) | 50.1 ± 10.3 | 49.5 ± 9.3 | 0.418 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 23.3 ± 3.1 | 23.4 ± 3.1 | 0.764 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| HTN | 473 (19.8) | 44 (18.6) | 0.732 |
| DM | 172 (7.2) | 14 (5.9) | 0.594 |
| Cardiac disease | 60 (2.5) | 4 (1.7) | 0.656 |
| Pulmonary disease | 46 (1.9) | 6 (2.5) | 0.463 |
| Endocrine disease | 109 (4.6) | 14 (5.9) | 0.332 |
| Renal disease | 16 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | > 0.999 |
| Liver disease | 16 (0.7) | 2 (0.8) | 0.673 |
| Neurological disease | 40 (1.7) | 4 (1.7) | > 0.999 |
| Others | 14 (0.6) | 3 (1.3) | 0.191 |
| Anaesthetic factors | |||
| Anaesthetic agent | 0.001 | ||
| Volatiles | |||
| Sevoflurane | 1461 (61.1) | 141 (59.7) | |
| Desflurane | 613 (25.6) | 47 (19.9) | |
| Isoflurane | 242 (10.1) | 27 (11.4) | |
| Enflurane | 31 (1.3) | 10 (4.2) | |
| TIVA | 45 (1.9) | 11 (4.7) | |
| Induction agents | 0.029 | ||
| Propofol | 1856 (77.6) | 168 (71.2) | |
| Barbiturate | 536 (22.4) | 68 (28.8) | |
| N2O | 176 (7.4) | 28 (11.9) | 0.021 |
| Premedicationa | 1585 (66.3) | 169 (71.6) | 0.111 |
| Antiemetic | 2069 (86.5) | 180 (76.3) | < 0.001 |
| Rescue analgesics | 2297 (96.0) | 225 (95.3) | 0.602 |
| Hypertensive events | 145 (6.1) | 15 (6.4) | 0.886 |
| Hypotensive events | 343 (14.3) | 25 (10.6) | 0.140 |
| Colloid administration | 36 (1.5) | 6 (2.5) | 0.267 |
| RBC transfusion | 12 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.616 |
| Surgical factors | |||
| Surgical procedure | 0.014 | ||
| BCS | 1156 (48.3) | 94 (39.8) | |
| Mastectomy | 1218 (51.7) | 170 (60.2) | |
| Surgical duration (min) | 207.2 ± 131.0 | 212.5 ± 108.5 | 0.487 |
| TNM staging | 0.974 | ||
| 1 | 1126 (47.1) | 113 (47.9) | |
| 2 | 876 (36.7) | 86 (36.4) | |
| 3 | 387 (16.2) | 37 (15.7) | |
| Receptors | |||
| Oestrogen | 1652 (69.1) | 173 (73.3) | 0.183 |
| Progesterone | 1506 (63.0) | 151 (64.0) | 0.778 |
| HER2 | 658 (27.5) | 60 (25.4) | 0.540 |
| Histological analysis | 0.118 | ||
| Well-differentiated | 508 (21.2) | 48 (20.3) | |
| Moderately differentiated | 1058 (44.2) | 105 (44.5) | |
| Poorly differentiated | 584 (24.4) | 48 (20.3) | |
| Others | 242 (10.1) | 35 (14.8) | |
| Tumour types | 0.818 | ||
| IDC | 2105 (88.0) | 212 (87.7) | |
| ILC | 85 (3.6) | 10 (4.2) | |
| Others | 202 (8.4) | 19 (8.1) | |
| Chemotherapy | 1619 (67.7) | 179 (75.8) | 0.010 |
| Radiotherapy | 1559 (65.2) | 137 (58.1) | 0.032 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or number (percentage)
BMI body mass index, HTN hypertension, DM diabetes mellitus, TIVA total intravenous anaesthesia, N2O nitrous oxide, RBC red blood cell, BCS breast conserving surgery, TNM tumour–node–metastasis, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, IDC invasive ductal carcinoma, ILC invasive lobular carcinoma
aPremedication: Midazolam 0.03 mg kg−1 was administered