Table 2.
Characteristics of the 10 studies included
| First author (year of publication / presentation) | Pharmacy-based diabetes intervention level | Description of intervention | Study design | No. of pharmacies | No. of patients / sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Santos MR (2003) [31] | Diabetes management | Regular scheduled follow-up of diabetic patients using SOAP method, as per intervention protocol: Subjective: patient reported information; Objective: e.g. blood glucose measurements Assessment: Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Plan: e.g. referral to physician, patient education and information |
Retrospective evaluation using historic pilot cohort Diabetes Management Program (2001) | 31 | 143 |
| Costa S (2006) [32] | Diabetes management | Regular scheduled follow-up of diabetic patients using SOAP method, as per intervention protocol: Subjective: patient reported information; Objective: e.g. blood glucose measurements Assessment: Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Plan: e.g. referral to physician, patient education and information |
Retrospective evaluation using historic pilot cohort Diabetes Management Program (2001) | NR | NR |
| Martins AP (2008) [35] | Diabetes management | Regular scheduled follow-up of diabetic patients using SOAP method, as per intervention protocol: Subjective: patient reported information; Objective: e.g. blood glucose measurements Assessment: Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Plan: e.g. referral to physician, patient education and information |
Retrospective study using historic 3-year cohort of the Diabetes Management Program (2003–2006) | NR | Around 1800 in program, 342 in study |
| Fernandez-Llimos F (2009) [36] | Diabetes management | Regular scheduled follow-up of diabetic patients using SOAP method, as per intervention protocol: Subjective: patient reported information; Objective: e.g. blood glucose measurements Assessment: Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Plan: e.g. referral to physician, patient education and information |
Observational - process indicators of Diabetes Management Program (2004–2008) | 356 in 2005 379 in 2008 |
1294 in 2005 |
| Pilger D (2007) [37] | Screening of individuals at risk of diabetes | Screening patients with > 45 years and another risk factor for diabetes: blood glucose measurement and referral to physician as per intervention protocol | Descriptive cross-sectional study (2005) | 8 | 229 |
| Horta MR (2010) [38] | Screening of uncontrolled diabetic patients | Screening patients on diabetes medications: blood glucose measurement, reinforcing adherence and self-monitoring, and referral to physician as per intervention protocol | Descriptive cross-sectional evaluation of nationwide campaign (2007) | 723 | 7719 |
| ES Research (2009) [39] | Screening of uncontrolled diabetic patients | Screening patients on diabetes medications: blood glucose measurement, reinforcing adherence and self-monitoring, and referral to physician as per intervention protocol | Economic evaluation of nationwide campaign (2007) | 723 | 7719 |
| Jacinto I (2016) [48] | Screening of individuals at risk of diabetes | Promoting FINDRISK test to all adult non-diabetic individuals (except pregnant women) and healthy lifestyle habits, referral to physician if score > 15 points. | Descriptive cross-sectional evaluation of regional campaign (2015) | 225 | 7007 |
| Paulino E (2017) [49] | Screening of individuals at risk of diabetes and diabetes management | 1) Promoting FINDRISK test to all individuals and referral of high-risk patients to pharmacy services, to physician or re-evaluation in 1 year, as appropriate 2) Follow-up of diabetic patients with assessment of health problems, reinforcing adherence, referral to other providers or to pharmacy consultations |
Descriptive cross-sectional evaluation of regional initiative (2016/17) | 1) 26 2) 31 |
1) 196 2) 106 |
| Félix J 2017 [52] | Screening of individuals at risk, screening of uncontrolled diabetic patients, and diabetes management | Includes the interventions of studies [31, 32, 35, 38] (Economic study partially based on data of these studies) | Economic evaluation (decision-model) | NA (model-based) | NA (model-based) |
NR not reported, NA not applicable