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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 21.
Published in final edited form as: Qual Life Res. 2017 Aug 2;27(2):321–332. doi: 10.1007/s11136-017-1671-9

Table 5.

Known-groups validity for MMQL-Adult Form

Factor Scale range Study population P value
Healthy controls (n=327) Cancer patients
Off therapy (n=107) On therapy (n=65)
Min Max Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Social functioning 1.00 5.00 3.97 0.7 3.89 0.8 4.18 0.6 0.03
Physical functioning 1.17 5.00 4.29 0.6 3.81 0.8 3.47 1.0 <0.001
Cognitive functioning 1.00 5.00 4.20 0.7 3.90 0.9 4.02 0.8 <0.001
Outlook on life 1.00 5.00 3.76 1.0 3.80 0.9 3.50 1.1 0.1
Body image 1.00 5.00 3.36 0.8 3.04 0.8 3.13 0.7 0.001
Psychological functioning 1.29 5.00 4.02 0.6 3.76 0.7 3.78 0.7 <0.001
MMQL 1.51 5.00 4.01 0.6 3.73 0.6 3.72 0.6 <0.001

MMQL Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life

Post hoc findings:

Social functioning: off-therapy scores significantly lower than on therapy scores.

Physical functioning: on-therapy scores significantly lower than off-therapy and healthy control scores; off-therapy scores significantly lower than healthy control scores.

Cognitive functioning: off-therapy scores significantly lower than healthy control scores.

Outlook on life: no difference post hoc.

Body image: off-therapy scores significantly lower than healthy control scores.

Psychological functioning: on-therapy and off-therapy scores significantly lower than healthy control scores.

MMQL: on-therapy and off-therapy scores significantly lower than healthy control scores.