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. 2019 Mar 14;6:24. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00024

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Copyright © 2019 Hur and Sugeng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) of a patient with groups 2 and 3 pulmonary hypertension. 2D TTE in the apical four-chamber (4C) view in diastole (A) and systole (B) showing right heart dilatation. 2D TTE in the short-axis (SAX) view (C) showing flattening of the interventricular septum compatible with the right heart findings. (D) Color-compare TTE in the right ventricular inflow view and color Doppler TTE in the 4C view showing severe tricuspid regurgitation. (E) Continuous-wave Doppler TTE showing maximum trans-tricuspid valvular regurgitant jet velocity of 4.25 m/s, correlating to estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 72 mmHg plus right atrial pressure. 4C, four-chamber; IVS, interventricular septum; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; SAX, short-axis; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.