Table 2.
Prognostic parameters in pulmonary hypertension.
| Threshold | Comment | References | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ECHO VARIABLE | |||
| TAPSE | <18 mm | Estimate of significant RV systolic dysfunction and predictor of prognosis | (148) |
| RA area | ≥27 cm2 | Predictor of mortality or need for heart transplant | (149) |
| Diastolic eccentricity index (degree of septal shift) | abnormal index >median | Composite predictor of mortality or need for heart transplant | (150) |
| Pericardial effusion | present | ||
| Indexed RA area to height | enlarged size >median | ||
| Pulmonary vascular capacitance (stroke volume/pulse pressure) | <3.0 ml/mmHg decrease | Predictor of poor prognosis | (151) |
| 2-dimensional strain of the basal segment of the RV free wall | <10% systolic longitudinal deformation | Predictor of poor prognosis | (152) |
| MRI VARIABLE | |||
| Indexed RV end-diastolic volume to BSA | ≥84 ml/m2 | Predictors of treatment failure and mortality | (45) |
| Indexed stroke volume to BSA | ≤25 ml/m2 | ||
| RVEF | <35% | Predictor of poor outcome, irrespective of any changes in pulmonary vascular resistance | (153) |
| Ventricular mass index (end-diastolic mass of RV:LV) | ≥0.7 | Predictor of decreased 2-year survival | (46) |
| RV Insertion site delayed enhancement | present | Predictor of poor prognosis | (154) |
| Pulmonary artery relative area change | ≤16% | Predictor of mortality | (155) |
BSA, body surface area; EF, ejection fraction; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; RA, right atrial; RV, right ventricular; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.