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. 2019 Mar 14;13:13. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00013

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Copyright © 2019 Lian, Grayden, Kameneva, Meffin and Burkitt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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||A^u,+ + A^d,−||² and ||A^u,− + A^d,+||² during pre-development when white noise is used as the input. The difference between A^u,+ and −A^d,− (blue line) decreases to zero very quickly during learning. Similarly, the difference between A^u,− and −A^d,+ (red line) reduces to zero quickly, although somewhat slower than the blue line.