Table 2. Changes in outcome measures after ALC treatment.

Measure		Baseline	12 weeks	28 weeks	p-value
MoCA-K					0.010*
	ALC	17.3±4.1	17.2±4.0	17.6±4.2
	Placebo	16.7±3.8	16.3±3.1	15.9±3.8
K-MMSE					0.819
	ALC	21.5±2.7	21.6±3.5	21.6±3.6
	Placebo	21.1±2.4	21.1±2.7	21.1±2.9
CWST word correct					0.732
	ALC	107.9±15.5	108.1±14.0	109.6±12.4
	Placebo	100.7±15.5	100.9±27.6	100.7±28.0
CWST color correct					0.850
	ALC	97.5±33.6	97.9±32.0	97.9±32.3
	Placebo	94.1±35.4	93.2±34.7	94.1±32.3
CWST word incorrect					0.753
	ALC	3.3±10.0	3.9±9.9	3.4±11.4
	Placebo	12.7±16.8	12.3±20.4	11.7±28.0
CWST color incorrect					0.302
	ALC	13.1±25.5	12.3±20.9	14.1±21.4
	Placebo	20.4±26.8	20.6±25.4	19.6±28.0
COWAT					0.403
	ALC	34.5±13.0	35.5±15.1	37.6±15.3
	Placebo	31.4±10.0	34.6±14.0	33.8±15.3
CDR-SB					0.029†
	ALC	4.7±1.2	4.6±1.1	4.2±1.3
	Placebo	4.7±1.2	4.5±0.9	4.4±1.2
GDS					0.973
	ALC	12.8±5.4	13.9±5.1	13.6±5.1
	Placebo	13.8±5.1	14.7±5.7	14.5±5.2
K-IADL					0.003†
	ALC	10.7±5.1	10.6±10.2	9.7±9.6
	Placebo	13.5±6.9	9.6±7.0	9.3±10.1

Two-way repeated measure of analysis of variance test was done.

ALC: Acetyl-L-carnitine, MoCA-K: Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, K-MMSE: Korean Mini-Mental State Examination, K-CWST: Korean-Color Word Stroop Test, COWAT: Controlled Oral Word Association Test, CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, CDR-SB: Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes, GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale, K-IADL: Korean Instrumental Activity of Daily Living.

^*Statistical difference was found between ALC- and placebo-treated groups according clinical trial follow -up; ^†Statistical difference was found according to clinical trial follow-up, but statistically significant group difference was not found.