Table 5.
Four examples of emergent phenomena in the Earth’s magnetospheric system
| Phenomenon | Directly interacting subsystems | Necessary magnetospheric activity |
|---|---|---|
| Auroral arcs | Ion plasma sheet Electron plasma sheet Ionosphere |
Magnetospheric convection |
| Pulsating-aurora patches | Electron plasma sheet Ion plasma sheet Ionosphere |
Substorms |
| Substorms | Electron plasma sheet Ion plasma sheet |
Magnetotail growth |
| The electron radiation belt | Electron plasma sheet Ion plasma sheet Substorm-injected electrons Plasmasphere Magnetosheath Geocorona |
Substorms |