Table 4.

Mean scores and standard deviations for dependent measures, along with outcomes of t tests and Cohen's ds, from children with cochlear implants, dependent on whether they had some bimodal experience or not.

Measure	Bimodal (14)		No bimodal (19)		t	p	Cohen's d
	M	SD	M	SD
Phonological
Pig Latin	77.8	27.4	44.1	42.2	2.61	.014	0.95
Backward words	62.1	20.3	49.8	29.4	1.34	NS	0.49
Final consonant choice	79.2	10.9	59.2	20.8	3.27	.003	1.20
Word reading	108	17	101	18	1.09	NS	0.38
Grammatical judgments	97	13	87	15	1.94	.061	0.71
Verbal working memory	53.8	13.7	44.6	18.3	1.58	NS	0.57
Lexical
Expressive vocabulary	113	17	99	15	2.47	.019	0.86
Bound morphemes	88	18	81	18	1.01	NS	0.35
Sentence comprehension	107	15	96	17	1.98	.057	0.70
Morphosyntactic
Pronouns	165	20	154	25	1.29	NS	0.46
Mean length of utterance	9.3	1.0	9.2	1.1	0.38	NS	0.14
Conjunctions	114	22	98	32	1.64	NS	0.59

Note. Degrees of freedom = 31 for all tests. NS = not significant.