Table 2. Neutralization efficacy of monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms.
| Neutralization measurement | Micrurus species venom | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dumerilii | mipartitus | isozonus | surinamensis | medemi | lemniscatus | spixii | ||
| Anti- dumerilii |
ED50 | 1.86 | 2.14 | 3.17 | <0.11 | - | - | - |
| (0.9–3.84) | (0.96–4.75) | (1.12–5.24) | ||||||
| #LD50/mL | 78.42 | 63.65 | 503.97 | <3.60 | - | - | - | |
| Anti- mipartitus |
ED50 | <0.09 | >2.36 | 0.3 | 0.17 | - | - | - |
| (0.13–0.7) | (N.D.) | |||||||
| #LD50/mL | <3.58 | >70.20 | 47.69 | 5.83 | - | - | - | |
| Anti- isozonus |
ED50 | <0.09 | >2.36 | >7.89 | 0.17 | - | - | - |
| (N.D.) | ||||||||
| #LD50/mL | <3.58 | >70.20 | >1254.37 | 5.83 | - | - | - | |
| Anti- surinamensis |
ED50 | <0.09 | <0.12 | <0.06 | 1.87 | - | - | - |
| (0.92–3.8) | ||||||||
| #LD50/mL | <3.58 | <3,57 | <8.74 | 64.11 | - | - | - | |
| Polyvalent Antivenom | ED50 | 0.36 | 0.94 | 2.24 | 0.31 | 0.68 | 0.58 | 1.58 |
| (N.D.) | (0.68–1.28) | (1.47–3.4) | (0.2–0.48) | (0.44–1.06) | (0.4–0.84) | (N.D.) | ||
| #LD50/mL | 15.18 | 27.96 | 356.12 | 10.63 | 77.36 | 25.36 | 113.75 | |
| mg AV protein/1 mg venom | 225.00 | 86.17 | 36.16 | 261.29 | 119.12 | 139.66 | 51.27 | |
Results are expressed both as mg/mL (ED50) and number of LD50 neutralized per mL of antivenom (#LD50/mL) and for the polyvalent antivenom the mg of antivenom protein necessary to neutralize 1 mg of venom. 95% confidence intervals are indicated in parenthesis. N.D., not determined because, on the trial doses, only death ratios corresponding to 0% and 100% were recorded.
Neutralization by the polyvalent antivenom