Fig. 1.
a Schematic drawing of a typical mid-infrared TDLAS setup employing an ICL, a circular, low-volume MPC, and WMS (with permission from [39]). LDC: laser diode controller, LiA: lock-in amplifier, FGen: function generator, PT: pressure transducer, PD: photodetector. b Real-time, exhalation profiles (breath cycles) of CO and CO2 measured with an EC-QCL, and a CO2 profile recorded with NDIR spectroscopy (capnography) (with permission from [36]). The three exhalation phases (dead space/airways, transition region, and alveolar region) are indicated