Table 4.
Current Screening Program, Surveillance Strategy and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer in Southeast Asian Countries
| Country | Cambodia | Indonesia | Laos | Malaysia | Myanmar | Philippines | Singapore | Thailand | Vietnam |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National screening program | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Gastric cancer stage and prognosis | |||||||||
| Stage at diagnosis in majority of patients | Advanced | Advanced | Advanced | Advanced | Advanced | Advanced | Advanced | Advanced | Advanced |
| 5-year survival rate (%) | NA | < 10.0 | NA | NA | NA | 11.6 | 26 | < 20.0 | `10.0 |
| Individuals considered as high-risk patients of gastric cancer and should undergo screening | |||||||||
| Ethnicity | - | +a | - | +b | - | - | - | - | - |
| Elderly | - | - | + | - | + | - | - | + | + |
| Precancerous GC lesions | - | - | + | - | - | + | + | + | + |
| Family history of GC | + | - | + | - | + | + | - | + | + |
| H. pylori infection | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - |
| Gastric ulcer | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hx of gastrectomy | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pepsinogen test (+) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
GC, gastric cancer; Hx, history; NA, data not available;
a
, Chinese, Batak, Minahasanese;
b
, Chinese