Table 2.
Means and Standard Deviations for Neuropsychological Tests
| Healthy | MS Total | MS Unimpaired | MS Impaired | p1 | η2 | HSD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VCAT2 | <.001 | .25 | A>B>C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 21.03 (1.42) | 18.76 (2.95) | 19.52 (2.67) | 17.16 (2.88) | |||
| Imp. Index | <.001 | .68 | A&B<C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | .93 (1.42) | 2.51 (2.30) | 1.15 (1.03) | 5.35 (1.47) | |||
| Digit Span | <.001 | .20 | A>B>C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 11.63 (3.04) | 9.55 (2.34) | 10.17 (2.31) | 8.26 (1.95) | |||
| WCST PE | <.001 | .20 | A&B<C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 12.28 (6.14) | 15.36 (9.52) | 12.35 (6.34) | 21.66 (11.87) | |||
| WCST CR | <.001 | .19 | A&B>C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 70.85 (15.77) | 64.68 (20.99) | 71.4 (16.51) | 50.59 (22.60) | |||
| BNT | <.001 | .16 | A&B>C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 56.23 (2.91) | 55.55 (3.04) | 56.49 (2.15) | 53.58 (3.66) | |||
| DKEFS LF | <.001 | .27 | A&B>C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.48 (3.05) | 9.19 (3.19) | 10.45 (2.77) | 6.55 (2.29) | |||
| DKEFS CS | <.001 | .30 | A&B>C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 11.80 (2.93) | 10.81 (3.54) | 12.28 (2.82) | 7.74 (2.89) | |||
| DKEFS CF | <.001 | .27 | A&B>C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 12.50 (2.77) | 10.56 (3.76) | 11.91 (3.09) | 7.74 (3.51) | |||
| CVLT 2 | <.001 | .17 | A&B>C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 49.93 (9.80) | 44.68 (10.25) | 47.57 (9.33) | 38.61 (9.52) | |||
| PASAT | <.001 | .24 | A&B>C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 50.80 (9.23) | 42.55 (11.92) | 46.09 (9.83) | 35.13 (12.64) | |||
| SDMT Oral | <.001 | .25 | A&B>C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | .95 (1.26) | -.39 (1.77) | .12 (1.55) | -1.46 (1.76) | |||
| AF | <.001 | .26 | A&B>C | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 19.95 (4.84) | 16.71 (5.00) | 18.48 (4.60) | 13.00 (3.63) | |||
Note:
Between group differences for the healthy group, unimpaired MS group, and impaired MS Group.
VCAT raw scores are reported here to provide the reader a sense of averages for the groups. However, because of non-normality, VCAT data were transformed using a square root transformation. P-values, effect size estimates, and group contrasts are based on the transformed scores instead of the raw values.
A: Healthy Group, B: MS Unimpaired Group, C: Impaired Group, Imp. Index: Impairment Index, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Percent Preservative Errors: WCST PE, The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Percent Conceptual Level Responses: WCST: CR, The Boston Naming Test Total Raw Score: BNT, the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System Letter Fluency: DKEFS LF, the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System Category Fluency: DKEFS CF, the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System Total Category Switching Accuracy Scaled Scores: DKEFS CS, California Verbal Learning Test-2 Total Recall T-Score: CVLT 2, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test Composite Total Correct 1 T-Score: PASAT 1, Symbol Digit Modalities Test Oral Scale Z-Score: SDMT Oral, and Action Fluency Total Raw Score: AF.