Table 1.
Participant Characteristics, by Sleep Apnea Severity Category (n=664)
| Characteristics | Total (n=664) | REI4% <15 (n=493) | REI4% 215 (n=171) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y), mean±SD | 64.9±10.6 | 63.9±10.6 | 64.4±10.6 | 0.83 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 205 (30.9) | 137 (27.8) | 68 (39.8) | <0.01 |
| Education, n (%) | 0.28 | |||
| < High school | 64 (9.8) | 51 (10.5) | 13 (7.8) | |
| High school or graduate equivalency diploma | 99 (15.2) | 76 (15.7) | 23 (13.8) | |
| Some college/training | 154 (23.7) | 106 (21.9) | 48 (28.7) | |
| College degree | 334 (51.3) | 251 (51.9) | 83 (49.7) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
| Mean±SD | 32.3±6.9 | 31.4±6.4 | 35.0±7.5 | <0.01 |
| ≥30 | 387 (58.6) | 267 (54.4) | 120 (71.0) | <0.01 |
| Current/past smoker, n (%) | 213 (34.2) | 160 (34.7) | 53 (32.7) | 0.65 |
| Alcohol use, yes vs no, n (%) | 224 (34.3) | 165 (33.9) | 59 (35.5) | 0.70 |
| Depression symptoms, mean±SD | 8.6±7.8 | 8.7±8.0 | 8.3±7.5 | 0.77 |
| Perceived stress, mean±SD | 11.2±7.0 | 11.3 + 7.2 | 11.0±6.5 | 0.73 |
| Class of antihypertensive medications, n (%) | ||||
| α-Blockers | 19 (2.9) | 14 (2.9) | 5 (3.0) | 0.94 |
| β-Blockers | 129 (19.7) | 93 (19.1) | 36 (21.4) | 0.51 |
| Calcium-channel blockers | 247 (37.6) | 180 (36.9) | 67 (39.6) | 0.52 |
| Diuretics | 333 (50.1) | 243 (49.3) | 90 (52.6) | 0.45 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/ angiotensin II receptor blockers /renin inhibitors | 336 (51.1) | 242 (49.6) | 94 (55.6) | 0.17 |
| Peripheral vasodilators | 10 (1.5) | 6(1.2) | 4 (2.4) | 0.29 |
| Number of antihypertensive medications, mean±SD | 1.8±1.2 | 1.7±1.2 | 1.9±1.3 | 0.04 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 187 (28.2) | 132 (26.8) | 55 (32.2) | 0.18 |
| Sleep duration <7 h, n (%) | 376 (59.4) | 277 (58.7) | 99 (61.5) | 0.53 |
| Sleep efficiency ≥85%, n (%) | 447 (70.6) | 339 (71.8) | 108 (67.1) | 0.25 |
| Percent time in hypoxemia, median ± interquartile range | 0.4±2.1 | 0.2±0.9 | 3.4±6.0 | <0.01 |
| Hypertension category, n (%) | 0.03 | |||
| Controlled | 248 (37.3) | 191 (38.7) | 57 (33.3) | |
| Uncontrolled | 320 (48.2) | 241 (48.9) | 79 (46.2) | |
| Resistant | 96 (14.5) | 61 (12.4) | 35 (20.5) | |
REI indicates respiratory event index.