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. 2019 Mar 15;10:331. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00331

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Copyright © 2019 Wilson, Pouniotis, Hanley, Xiang, Ma, Coppel and Plebanski.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunogenicity of PSNPs-MSP4/5 is comparable to CFA/IFA adjuvanted vaccines. BALB/c mice were immunized intradermally (100 μl per immunization) with one (PSNPs-MSP4/5 x1) or two (PSNPs-MSP4/5 x2) immunizations of PSNPs-MSP4/5 (100 μg/ml), or MSP4/5 in CFA (100 μg/ml MSP4/5 mixed 1:1 v/v in CFA) followed by MSP4/5 in IFA (100 μg/ml MSP4/5 mixed 1:1 v/v in IFA), or twice with PBS alone (Naïve). Ten days after the last immunization, mice were humanely sacrificed and splenocytes and serum collected for immunogenicity analysis. (A) IFNγ and (B) IL-4 producing T cells were assessed by ELISpot assay and (C) Total IgG antibody levels were measured by ELISA. Data is shown as mean SFU ± SD per group for ELISpot and mean antibody titer ± SD per group for ELISA. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, ^****p < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA for ELISPOT and one-way ANOVA for ELISA analyses. n = 6−8 mice per group.