Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of subjects included in the study.
| Demographic | HC | PD | PD no med | PD on med | PD versus HC p-value | PD on med versus PD no med p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | |||||||
| Number of subjects (m/f) | 105 (74/31) | 205 (143/62) | 56 (34/22) | 44 (28/16) | 0.999 | 0.837 | |
| Age | 58 ± 12 | 61 ± 10 | 59 ± 10.2 | 62.6 ± 10.1 | 0.207 | 0.084 | |
| MDS-UPDRS1 | Baseline | 2 ± 1 | 6 ± 4 | 5 ± 3 | 6 ± 4 | <10−6 ∗ | 0.022∗ |
| Follow-up | – | – | 6 ± 4 | 7 ± 4 | – | 0.030 ∗ | |
| Change | – | – | 1 ± 2 | 2 ± 3 | – | 0.041∗ | |
| MDS-UPDRS2 | Baseline | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 6 ± 4 | 6 ± 3 | 7 ± 4 | <10−6 ∗ | 0.012∗ |
| Follow-up | – | – | 7 ± 4 | 8 ± 4 | – | 0.021∗ | |
| Change | – | – | 2 ± 2 | 3 ± 2 | – | 0.031∗ | |
| MDS-UPDRS3 | Baseline | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 21 ± 9 | 19 ± 10 | 22 ± 9 | <10−6∗ | 0.121 |
| Follow-up | – | – | 21 ± 11 | 24 ± 10 | – | 0.067 | |
| Change | – | – | 4 ± 9 | 5 ± 10 | – | 0.067 | |
| MDS-UPDRS total | Baseline | 3 ± 1.8 | 33 ± 13 | 29 ± 10 | 34 ± 15 | <10−6 ∗ | 0.031∗ |
| Follow-up | – | – | 32 ± 15 | 37 ± 16 | – | 0.069 | |
| Change | – | – | 7 ± 10 | 8 ± 9 | – | 0.100 | |
| Dominant side (left/right/equilateral) | – | 78/117/10 | 20/35/1 | 20/22/2 | – | 0.309 | |
HC, healthy controls; PD, Parkinson’s disease patients, PD no med, patients without medications 1 year after baseline; PD on med, patients on L-Dopa treatment 1 year after the baseline. Bold characters and “∗” indicate a significant group difference (p < 0.05).