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. 2019 Mar 21;9:4983. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41579-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ITO nanowire networks as transparent and flexible electrode. (a) Sheet resistance versus optical transmission (@550 nm) for coppernanotrough¹⁹, silver nanowires (Ag NWs)¹⁷, grapheme⁷, ITO film and ITO nanowire networks. (b) The ITO nanowires have strong flexibility. Samples with ITO nanowires were placed in the acetone solution, shaken by sonication for 0.5 h, and then precipitated. A suspension containing ITO nanowires was obtained by removing the supernatant diluted solution. The ITO nanowire suspension was coated on silicon. (c) An electrical conductivity test under bending. (d) SEM images of the 3D ITO nanowires after being squeezed by a PET template. (e) Resistance versus bending radius for bendable transparent electrodes consisting of ITO nanowire networks or ITO films on 200-μm-thick PET substrates.