Fig. 4.

Evaluation of the survival of specific bacteria, and the antibiotic preconditioning effects. a Schematic showing the experimental procedures for assessing the viability of E. coli during transplantation using STAMP. b Flow cytometry analysis of the transplanted E. coli strains K12 (left) and Nissle 1917 (right). The inserted numbers indicate the survival rates. c Statistical analysis of the survival rates of transplanted E. coli K12 and Nissle 1917. Mean ± s.d. are presented for n = 3. d Flow cytometry analysis of the STAMP-labeled gut microbiota from recipient mice with preconditioning of vancomycin, polymyxin B, cefotaxime, or metronidazole. The inserted numbers indicate the survival rates. e Statistical analysis of the survival rates of the transplanted microbiotas from recipient mice with antibiotic preconditioning. Mean ± s.d. are presented for n = 3