Table 2.
Species of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family with potential allergens
| Name | Distribution | Allergens |
|---|---|---|
| Edible plants | ||
| Lettuce, Lactuca sativa L. | Cultivated worldwide | SLs—guaianolides, lactucin, lactucopicrin, 8-deoxylactucopicrin |
| Endivie, Cichorium endivia L. | Mediterranean region | SLs—lactucopicrin, kaempferol malonyl glucoside |
| Chicory, Cichorium intybus var. sativum L. | Europe and North America | SLs—grosheimin, guaianolide ixerisoside D, glycosides |
| Globe artichoke, Cynara scolymus L. | Mediterranean region of Europe and North Africa | SLs, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tyrosols, and lignans |
| Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. | Central America, cultivated in moderate climate zones and semi-arid regions | SLs—niveusin B and argophyllin A and B, diterpene acids, grandifloric acid, ciliaric acid and 17-hydroxy-ent-isokaur-15(16)-en-19-oic acid, albumins |
| Ornamental plants | ||
| Chrysanths, Chrysanthemum sp. | Native to Asia and northeastern Europe, known and cultivated worldwide | SLs—guaianolides cumambrin A, dihydrocumambrin A, pyrethrum |
| Dahlia, Dahlia sp. | Cultivated in Europe, Asia | SLs—causesin |
| Zinnia, Zinnia sp. | Cultivated in Europe, Asia | SLs—zinagrandinolides A-C (1–3), delta-elemanolide 4 |
| Herbs | ||
| Dandelion, Taraxacum officinale L. | Native to Europe and Asia; naturalized worldwide | Taraxinic acid-1ƒ-O-b--glucopyranoside |
| Marigold, Calendula officinalis L. | Southern Europe; naturalized in temperate regions | Triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids and amino acids |
| Wild chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla L.; Chamomilla recutita; Dog fennel, Anthemis cotula L. | Common in Europe, North Africa, and Asia | SLs, a-peroxyachifolid, herniarin, nobilin, bisabolol coumarin, anthecotulide flavonoids |
| Echinacea, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) | Native to North America, used worldwide | SLs cimifugaside, caryophyllene |
| Tansy, Tanacetum vulgare L. | Native to Europe and Asia; naturalized in North America | SLs tatridin A, |
| Feverfew, Tanacetum parthenium L. | Common in Europe, North America, Canada | SLs— germacranolides (e.g., parthenolide), eudesmanolides guaianolides, artecanin, artemorin, balchanin, canin, costunolide |
| Mugwort, Artemisia vulgaris L. | Native to Europe, Asia, Northern Africa; naturalized in North America | SLs, psilostachyin, psilostachyin-C, artemisin |
| Yarrow, Achillea millefolium L. | Common in Europe, Asia, and North America | SLs—a-peroxyachifolid, flavonoids |
| Great burdock, Arctium lappa L. | Common in Europe, Asia, and North America | SLs, actiopicrin |
| Arnica, Arnica montana L. | Central Europe | SLs—xanthalongin, helenalin |
| Ragweed, Ambrosia artemisifolia L. | Native to North America and Canada; naturalized in Europe | SLs—psilostachyin, psilostachyin B and psilostachyin C; pseudoguaianolides cumanin, peruvin and dihydrocumanin |
| Santa Maria feverfew, Parthenium hysterophorus L. | Native to tropical regions of America; invasive in India, Australia, and Africa | SLs—parthenin |