Figure 2. Current status and future expansion of TAVI compared with SAVR. The use of TAVI has rapidly increased for the treatment of severe AS with intermediate or low surgical risk in recent years. While TAVI has been indicated in symptomatic patients who require immediate replacement of a native aortic valve, expanded indications including asymptomatic severe AS, bicuspid AS, valve-in-valve, and moderate AS with left-ventricular dysfunction are under investigation. Dedicated risk stratification for TAVI would provide more accurate prediction of the potential benefits of TAVI, in addition to multidisciplinary discussion by heart team, which has and will have played a key role in decisions regarding the choice of valve replacement.

AS = aortic stenosis; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; SAVR = surgical aortic valve replacement; TAVI = transcatheter aortic valve implantation.