Table 3.
Marginal effects at means of independent variables in each of the eight probit regression models with six prevention practices and two promotion practices as dependent variables
| Independent variable | Prevention |
Promotion |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: Risk assessment |
Model 2: Health and safety representation |
Model 3: Training on emergency procedures |
Model 4: Raising awareness on smoking and drugs |
Model 5: Training on psychosocial risks |
Model 6: Action plan stress prevention |
Model 7: Promotion of physical activity |
Model 8: Promotion of healthy eating |
|
| Marginal effect at mean (dy/dx) | Marginal effect at mean (dy/dx) | Marginal effect at mean (dy/dx) | Marginal effect at mean (dy/dx) | Marginal effect at mean (dy/dx) | Marginal effect at mean (dy/dx) | Marginal effect at mean (dy/dx) | Marginal effect at mean (dy/dx) | |
| Policy level∗ | ||||||||
| Policy level 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Policy level 2 | 0.02 | −0.26*** | 0.15*** | 0.04* | 0.10*** | −0.08*** | −0.08*** | −0.07*** |
| Policy level 3 | −0.04*** | −0.09*** | 0.08*** | −0.05*** | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.03** | −0.01 |
| Economic rating† | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01* | 0.00 | −0.01*** | −0.01* | 0.00 | −0.01*** |
| Size | ||||||||
| Size 5–9 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Size 10–49 | 0.11*** | 0.14*** | 0.05*** | 0.03** | 0.04*** | −0.03 | 0.07*** | 0.01 |
| Size 50–249 | 0.25*** | 0.41*** | 0.15*** | 0.14*** | 0.09*** | 0.05 | 0.22*** | 0.10*** |
| Size >250 | 0.37*** | 0.62*** | 0.23*** | 0.31*** | 0.21*** | 0.18*** | 0.43*** | 0.29*** |
| Economic sector | ||||||||
| Manufacturing sector | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Agriculture | 0.01 | −0.04 | −0.02 | −0.08** | −0.03 | −0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Mining | 0.01 | 0.05** | 0.02 | −0.01 | −0.02 | −0.03 | −0.05*** | 0.02 |
| Wholesale and retail | −0.07*** | −0.02 | 0.00 | −0.16 | 0.05*** | 0.06** | 0.01 | 0.11*** |
| Financial and scientific | −0.13*** | 0.00 | −0.06*** | −0.06** | 0.07*** | 0.08** | 0.09*** | 0.10*** |
| Other social and personal | −0.16*** | −0.06** | −0.09*** | −0.04* | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Social and health | −0.06** | 0.07** | −0.06*** | 0.05** | 0.20*** | 0.16*** | 0.12*** | 0.25*** |
| Ownership | ||||||||
| Public sector | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Private sector | −0.02 | −0.08*** | −0.01 | −0.07*** | −0.11*** | 0.02 | −0.05*** | −0.06*** |
| Inspection | ||||||||
| Not inspected | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Inspected | 0.08*** | 0.09*** | 0.05*** | 0.06*** | 0.04*** | 0.06*** | 0.05*** | 0.06*** |
This table is based on data from the Second European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks, 2014 from the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2nd Edition). These data have been provided by the UK Data Service; 2016.
Note: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
The policy level refers to the ranking for occupational health and safety policy that has been created by this study, with level 1 ranked lowest and level 3 ranked highest in prevention and promotion respectively.
Economic rating was recorded on a five-point Likert scale, yet it was negatively coded, which means that it needs to be interpreted as a change from the highest level of economic performance (high profits) to the lowest level of economic performance (low or negative profits).