Stools image and histological structures of colon in Lop-induced constipation ICR mice model after SpiA treatment. (A) Chemical structure of SpiA. (B) Stool images of subset groups. The number of stools were measured in No, Lop + Vehicle and Lop + SpiA treated groups. Five to six mice per group were used in collection of stools. (C) H&E stained sections of colon from the No, Lop + Vehicle or Lop + SpiA treated groups were observed at 100× (left column) and 400× (right column) magnification using a light microscope. Five to six mice per group were used in preparation of colon tissue slide and three parameters were assayed in duplicate in two H&E stained slide. Histopathological parameters were determined using the Leica Application Suite (Leica Microsystems). Data are reported as the mean ± SD. *, p < 0.05 compared to the untreated group. #, p < 0.05 compared to the Lop + Vehicle treated group. No, Untreated group; Lop, Loperamide; SpiA, Spicatoside A, ICR; Institute of Cancer Research, H&E; Hematoxylin and Eosin.