| Pm-ME | P. mutisii methanol extract |
| MMPs | matrix metalloproteinases |
| α-MSH | α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| KA | kojic acid |
| L-DOPA | L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine |
| UV | ultraviolet light |
| DAPI | 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| JNK | c-Jun-N-terminal kinase |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
| ABTS | 2,2’-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt |
| AA | ascorbic acid |
| RT-PCR | reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction |