| ACE | Angiotensin converting enzyme |
| AGE | Advanced glycation end product |
| ARNi | Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor |
| ATM | Atomic force microscopy |
| ATP | Adenosine 5′-triphosphate |
| cGMP | Cyclic guanosine monophosphate |
| CIRKO | Cardiomyocyte selective insulin receptor knockout mice |
| CMRI | Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging |
| DCM | Diabetic cardiomyopathy |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| e/n/iNOS | Endothelial/neuronal/inducible NO synthase |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| FABP | Fatty acid-binding protein |
| FATP | Fatty acid transport protein |
| FFA | Free fatty acid |
| FMD | Flow mediated dilation |
| GK | Goto-Kakizaki rats |
| GLP-1RA | Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor antagonist |
| GLUT | Facilitative glucose transporters |
| HFD | High fat diet |
| HFpEF | Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction |
| HFrEF | Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction |
| HNE | Na+/H+ exchanger |
| ICAM-1 | Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 |
| KB | Ketone body |
| MACE | Major adverse cardiovascular events |
| MCP-1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
| MHC-PPARα | Mice with cardiomyocyte specific overexpression of the transcription factor for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α |
| NADPH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NCX | Na+/Ca2+ exchanger |
| NF-κB | Nuclear transcription factor-κB |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| NOD | Non-obese diabetic mice |
| NP | Natriuretic peptide |
| NT-proBNP | N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide |
| PET | Positron emission tomography |
| RAAS | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RT | Resting tension |
| SERCA2 | Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 |
| SGK1 | Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 |
| SGLT | Sodium glucose cotransporter |
| SR | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| TCA | Tricarboxylic acid |
| TDI | Tissue doppler imaging |
| TGFβ | Transforming growth factor β |
| TNFα | Tumor necrosis factor α |
| VCAM-1 | Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 |
| ZDF | Zucker diabetic fatty rats |