ADT	androgen-deprivation therapy
Akt	Ak tymoma protein/PKB, protein kinase B
AR	androgen receptor
ATF	activating transcription factor
Bax	Bcl-2-associated X protein
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma type 2 protein
Bcl-XL	Bcl-2 extra-large protein
BCRP	breast cancer resistance protein
BPH	benign prostate hyperplasia
BTG3	B-cell translocation gene
caspase-3	cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3
CAT	catalase
cdc25	cell cycle division protein 25
CHK1	checkpoint kinase 1
CHOP	CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein
c-Met/HGF	hepatocyte growth factor
CRPC	Castration-resistant prostate cancer
CYP450	cytochrome 450 enzymes
DG5	death receptor
DHT	dihydrotestosterone
EGCG	epigallocatechin gallate
EGF	epidermal growth factor
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
ER	estrogen receptor
ERK1/2	extracelluar signal-regulated kinases -1, -2
FoxO	forkhead box O protein
GADD153	growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 153 protein
GPx	glutathione peroxidase
GRB2	growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
GRP78	glucose regulated protein of 78 kDa
GSK-3β	glycogen synthase kinase
GSR	glutathione reductase
GSTs	glutathione-S-transferases
HER2/ErbB2	c-ErbB2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral homolog 2
CXCL-1, -2	chemokine with CXC motif ligand -1 -2
HSP90	heat shock protein 90
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor 1
IL-6	interleukin 6
IκB	inhibitor of NF-κB
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LPH	lactase phloridzin hydrolase
MAPK	mitogen activated protein kinase
miR	microRNA
MMP-2	matrix metalloproteinase 2
MRP	multidrug resistance-associated protein
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
OPG	osteoprotegerin
p21/CIP1	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A/CDK-interacting protein 1
p27/Kip1	kinesin-like protein
PARP	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
PDK1	phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1
P-gp	P-glycoprotein
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PKC	protein kinase C
PSA	prostate-specific antigen
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog
RARβ	retinoic acid receptor beta
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SOD	superoxide dismutase
SOS	son of sevenless
SULTs	sulphotransferases
TRAIL	TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
TRAMP	transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate
UGTs	diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases
uPA	urokinase-type plasminogen activator
VEGF	vascular endothelial factor;
c-Jun	avian sarcoma virus 17 homolog
ΔΨm	mitochondrial membrane potential