| RSCU | Relative synonymous codon usage |
| NGS | Next-generation sequencing |
| TLA | Three letter acronym |
| SSR | Simple sequence repeats |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| MP | Maximum parsimony |
| ML | Maximum likelihood |
| Pi | Nucleotide diversity |
| BI | Bayesian Inference |
| AAs | Aristolochic acids |
| LSC | Large single copy |
| SSC | Small single copy |
| CDS | Coding sequence |
| IR | Inverted repeat |
| SC | Single copy |
| CP | Chloroplast |