| WPI | whey protein isolates |
| WPNFs | whey protein nanofibrils |
| TNTs | titanium dioxide nanotubes |
| TNPs | titanium dioxide nanoparticles |
| ECs | edible coatings |
| EFCs | edible films and coatings |
| TiO2 | titanium dioxide |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
| SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
| UV | ultraviolet spectroscopy |
| TS | tensile strength |
| EB | elongation at break |
| MC | moisture content |
| WVP | water vapor permeability |
| TBARS | thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |
| TBA | 2-Thiobarbituric acid |
| TCA | trichloroacetic acid |
| DPPH | 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
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