Effect of cisplatin treatment on CAR levels and adenoviral transduction. (a) Lung cancer cell lines, H23 and H2126, were treated with different cisplatin doses and observed for CRAd infection efficacy through X-gal staining. Cells were cultured in 6-well plates and treated with different Adβgal doses. After 48 h, all cells were washed, fixed, and stained and observed under the phase-contrast microscope (100× magnification). (b) Cells exhibit higher rates of transduction at high doses of cisplatin. (c) Western blots showing CAR overexpression in cancer cell lines pre-treated with cisplatin. Data are presented in (b) as the mean ± SD, (n = 3), * p < 0.01, by two-tailed Student’s t-test.