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. 2019 Mar 5;20(5):1131. doi: 10.3390/ijms20051131

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Photobiomodulation (PBM)-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuate intestinal barrier damage and inflammation during radiation-induced enteropathy. (A) Immunohistochemical analysis and (B) mRNA levels of claudin 3 (Cldn3) in the small intestinal tissue of control (CON), irradiated (IR), IR and MSC-treated (IR+MSC), and IR and PBM-preconditioned MSC-treated (IR+PBM-MSC) groups. Scale bar = 50 μm. (C) The number of bacterial colonies isolated from mesenteric lymph node tissue. (D) Immunohistochemical analysis of myeloperoxidase (Mpo) and mRNA expression of (E) interleukin (Il)-1β and (F) matrix metallopeptidase (Mmp)9 in the small intestinal tissue of CON, IR, IR+MSC, and IR+PBM-MSC groups. Scale bar = 50 μm. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; n = 5 per group. * p < 0.05 compared to the control; ^# p < 0.05 compared to the IR group.