Ti	Titanium
TNS	Titanium with nanonetwork structure
SEM	Scanning electron microscopy
XPS	X-ray photoelectron spectrometry
SPM	Scanning probe microscopy
AFM	Atomic Force Microscope
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
HFN	Human plasma fibronectin
rBMMSCs	Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
RGDS	Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid-Serine
QCM	Quartz crystal microbalance
SBF	Simulated body fluid
RUNX2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
ROI	Region of interest
BMD	Bone mineral density
BV/TV	Bone volume to total volume
BA	Bone area ratio
BIC	Bone–implant contact
LBA	Labeled bone area