ABCA1 |
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 |
AMPK |
adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
AOX |
antioxidant |
ARB |
angiotensin II receptor blockers |
BMI |
body mass index |
CAD |
coronary artery disease |
CI |
confidence intervals |
CRP |
C-reactive protein |
CVD |
cardiovascular diseases |
DPP4i |
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors |
GLUT-4 |
glucose transporter-4 |
G6Pase |
glucose-6-phosphatase |
eNOS |
endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
FA |
fatty acid |
FFA |
free fatty acids |
GLP-1 |
glucagon-like peptide-1 |
HDL |
high-density lipoprotein |
HMW |
high-molecular weight |
HL |
hepatic lipase |
HOMA-IR |
homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance |
HR |
hazard ratio |
HSL |
hormone-sensitive lipase |
IDL |
intermediate-density lipoprotein |
IL |
interleukin |
iNOS |
inducible nitric oxide synthase |
LDL |
low-density lipoprotein |
LPL |
lipoprotein lipase |
MCS |
mixed-carotenoid supplementation |
NADPH |
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
NF-κB |
nuclear factor-κB |
NO |
nitric oxide |
PCOS |
polycystic ovary syndrome |
PPAR |
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
PEPCK |
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase |
RCTs |
randomized controlled trials |
S1P |
sphingosine 1-phosphate |
Sd-LDL |
small dense LDL |
SGLT-2i |
sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors |
SMCs |
smooth muscle cells |
SMD |
standard mean difference |
SR |
scavenger receptor |
TNF-α |
tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
TG |
triglycerides |
VLDL |
very low density lipoprotein |
VLDL-R |
very low density lipoprotein receptor |
WMD |
weighted mean difference |